Virtual schools are booming as states consider warnings

DENVER — More schoolchildren than ever are taking their classes online, using technology to avoid long commutes to school, add courses they wouldn’t otherwise be able to take — and save their school districts money.

But as states pour money into virtual classrooms, with an estimated 200,000 virtual K-12 students in 40 states from Washington to Wisconsin, educators are raising questions about online learning. States are taking halting steps to increase oversight, but regulation isn’t moving nearly as fast as the virtual school boom.

The online school debate pits traditional education backers, often teachers’ unions, against lawmakers tempted by the promise of cheaper online schools and school-choice advocates who believe private companies will apply cutting-edge technology to education. Is online education as good as face-to-face teaching?

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Virtual Ed. Advocates Respond to Wave of Criticism

It’s been a rough year for the public image of K-12 virtual education.

Studies in Colorado and Minnesota have suggested that full-time online students in those states were struggling to match the achievement levels of their peers in brick-and-mortar schools. Articles in The New York Times have questioned not only the academic results for students in virtual schools, but also the propriety of business practices surrounding the use of public dollars for such programs.

Meanwhile, two left-leaning magazines, The Nation and Mother Jones, contended this month that education policy reforms pushed by former Florida Gov. Jeb Bush in the name of digital opportunities for students have the ulterior motive of funneling money to big technology companies. And the move into education by the right-leaning media tycoon Rupert Murdoch, with his News Corp. conglomerate’s purchase of the educational technology company Wireless Generation, has drawn protests from some teacher advocates at public appearances by Mr. Murdoch.

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Report on proposed online, or virtual, school courses cites lack of regulation

Cyberschools, the fastest-growing alternative to K-12 public education, are almost totally unregulated and in immediate need of oversight, according to research from the University of Colorado. More than 30 percent of the nation’s 16 million high school students have taken at least one online class — Memphis City Schools now requires it for graduation. But report authors Gene Glass and Kevin Welner say cash-strapped school districts use online education — including full-time virtual schools with little face-to-face contact with teachers — as a lower-cost alternative to traditional public schools. They say five companies dominate the online curriculum business, including Virginia-based K12 Inc., which opened a statewide virtual academy in Tennessee this year. “Private operators are gaining access to large streams of public revenue to run cyberschools,” Glass said. “But the public is not getting full information on the actual costs of these programs, so it’s not clear if taxpayer money is being used properly.” The National Education Policy Center at the University of Colorado is pushing for audits of company profits, school accreditation and an authentication process to prove that the grades students get are the grades they deserve.

 

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Effort to review online schools in Colorado fails amid arguments about politics

Some educators have called for more oversight and study of the effectiveness of online schools. A report last month by the National Education Policy Center at the University of Colorado called for more audits of online school providers.

“The rapid growth of virtual schooling raises several immediate, critical questions for legislators regarding matters such as cost, funding and quality,” the authors wrote.

Randy DeHoff, a former Colorado school board member who now works for a nonprofit online school based in Westminter, said online schools in Colorado were already audited in 2007.

“Online schools all agree we need to be doing a better job of capturing what we’re doing well and identifying what we’re not doing well,” said DeHoff, director of strategic growth for the GOAL Academy, an online high school with 2,200 students.

DeHoff agreed that counting school enrollment on a single day to determine funding is inexact, but he argued the problem isn’t limited to online schools.

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District May Create Charter High School

This would be a new high school, Felix said in his proposal. All classes would be “accredited, rigorous and suitable for college-bound students.”

The charter would offer both virtual and on-site learning. Most classes would be online, but students also would meet with teachers and have opportunities to join on-campus study groups.

This format allows students to “complete course work in a much more flexible, self-directed manner than in a traditional classroom,” Felix wrote of the plan.

Students will be able to choose from over 120 online courses. Teachers from the district will oversee the classwork.

Online classes have a number of advantages, the district argued, allowing students to take advanced placement work, and accelerating progress in high school, for example.

In January 2005 the Department of Education recommended that all students have the opportunity to take online classes. A report prepared by Advanced Educational Ventures cites experts who contend that e-learning helps students acquire the skills necessary to compete in digitalized world.

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Report: More oversight for online schools

Glass and Welner found online schools are a fast-growing part of education with 40 states operating or allowing them. Many states are setting up virtual charter schools, and in Florida, districts are turning to online classes because of legal limits on class size, the report said.

There are now about 200,000 students attending virtual schools full time, while 30 percent of high school students say they have taken at least one online course.

“There’s zero high-quality research evidence that full-time virtual schooling at the K-12 level is an adequate replacement for traditional face-to-face teaching and learning,” Welner said.

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Wednesday Churn: Obama’s back

Everybody gets confused by the parade of studies on whether charter schools or traditional schools produce better student achievement. A new report by the University of Washington’s Center on Reinventing Public Education claims to clear up the confusion by studying the studies.

That “meta-analysis,” in the words of a news release, “reviewed the 40 existing high-quality studies of charter school achievement and scientifically combined the results.” The review concludes charters are doing somewhat better in lower grades but that charter and traditional results are similar in high school. Learn more

Another report, this one from researchers at CU-Boulder, calls for “immediate” regulation of K-12 virtual schools. The report, titled Online K-12 Schooling in the U.S.: Uncertain Private Ventures in Need of Public Regulation, was released Tuesday by the National Education Policy Center and is by CU education professors Gene V. Glass and Kevin G. Welner. An accompanying report, Model Legislation Related to Online Learning Opportunities, comes from University of Kentucky education professor and attorney Justin Bathon and offers statutory language to bring state policies in line with the research.

“There’s zero high-quality research evidence that full-time virtual schooling at the K-12 level is an adequate replacement for traditional face-to-face teaching and learning,” Welner said.

According to Glass, “Private operators are gaining access to large streams of public revenue to run cyber schools. But the public is not getting full information on the actual costs of these programs, so it’s not clear if taxpayer money is being used properly.”

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Colorado’s Crummy Policies Lead to Crummy Virtual Schools

An investigation of Colorado’s full-time virtual schools has revealed some dubious results and practices, which led the state’s Senate President to call for an emergency audit of all of Colorado’s virtual schools.

But the state shouldn’t be shocked by the report. As the truism goes, you get what you pay for.

Colorado’s policy environment incentivizes exactly what it’s getting from its full-time virtual schools—and arguably not just its virtual schools, but all of its schools statewide.

The biggest problem is this: It pays a school all of its funds on a “count day” on October 1 based on the number of students enrolled on that day. If students leave afterward, the original school keeps the funds. If students enroll elsewhere, the new school receives no funds.

This incentivizes providers to enroll students, but there are few incentives in place to focus on what happens after that. As a result, a significant number of online providers seem to have followed these incentives and done exactly what Colorado paid them to do. The end result isn’t pretty for students, as a great number of them allegedly leave soon after the count day and enroll back in district schools if they enroll elsewhere at all.

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OUR VIEW: State’s money must follow students (poll)

The expose showed that an alarming number of students achieve lower test scores after enrolling in online schools. Turnover has become a problem, as students who try online educations often end up going back to classrooms.

When a student abandons an online school, the online school often keeps the state tuition cash. Colorado bases school funding on a single enrollment count. Once the count has been taken, the money is allocated and belongs to the school even if students soon thereafter.

That means another school ends up with former online students, but not the tuition.
The administration of Colorado’s largest online public school, Colorado Virtual Academy, agrees that online schools should not keep the money.

“Colorado should move away form a school-funding model based on a single-count date to a better model, such as an average daily membership,” said Jeff Kwitowski in a statement to The Gazette’s editorial board. He’s the vice president for public affairs for K12, the curriculum provider for Colorado Virtual Academy.

Under K12’s proposal, Colorado would allocate tuition based on the average number of school days that students are enrolled during the year. That’s how a lot of other states do it, eliminating the problem of schools taking full tuition for students who leave.

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Public Schools Also Lose When Online Students Fail

Colorado taxpayers will spend $100 million this year on online schools that are largely failing their elementary and high school students, state education records and interviews with school officials show.

The money includes millions in tax dollars that are going to K-12 online schools for students who are no longer there.

The result: While online students fall further behind academically—their counterparts in the state’s traditional public schools are suffering, too, because those schools must absorb former online students, while the virtual schools and their parent companies get to keep the state funding.

Take the experience of high school senior Laura Johnson.

In the tiny Florence School District outside Pueblo, Johnson was one of 39 students who left Florence High School last year to sign up for online classes with GOAL Academy, one of the largest online charter schools in Colorado.

By January, she was back at Florence, disillusioned by the online experience and trying to make up for her lost time in class. She was joined by a dozen of her former online classmates.

Those 39 students who left Florence High School for GOAL represented one of every 10 students in the school. When they left, so did nearly a quarter million dollars in state funding—the equivalent of four to five teachers’ salaries. When a dozen of the students returned to Florence High mid-year, the funding to educate them did not come with them. GOAL got to keep it.

The I-News Network, a Colorado-based in-depth news consortium, and the nonprofit Education News Colorado, spent 10 months investigating what’s really happening with thousands of Colorado K-12 students who try an online school each year.

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